پوشش زنان در دوره رضاشاه 

He extended the ban on titles to include sayyed, hajji, Mashedi, and Karbalai, titles used by those who had made the pilgrimage to Mecca, Mashed, or Karbala. He restricted public mourning observances to one day, and obliged mosques to use chairs for such occasions this, of course, ran counter to the tradition of sitting on mosque floors. He banned street commemorations for Muharram, the Day of Sacrifice,He opened up the Mashed shrine as well as the main Isfahan mosque to foreign tourists. He even toyed with the idea of raising the marriage age  eighteen for men and fifteen for women.
The predictable backlash came in 1935. On July 10 the anniversary of the Russian bombardment of the Mashed shrine in 1911 a local preacher took the occasion to denounce not only these "heretical innovations" but also rampant government corruption and the heavy consumer taxes. This Inspired many from the bazaar and the nearby villages to take sanctuary inside the shrine. They chanted: "The Shah is a new Yezid"; and "Imam Hussein protect us from the evil Shah." Local authorities watched helplessly for four full days since the city police and the provincial army battalion refused to violate the shrine. The British consul reported that frightened officials ran back and forth with their new hats hidden under their coats, ready to produce them only if they encountered other officials. The standoff ended only when reinforcements from Azerbaijan arrived on the scene and broke into the shrine. Two hundred civilians suffered serious injuries; and more than one hundred, including many women and children, lost their lives. In the following months, the shrine custodiati and three soldiers who had refused to shoot were executed. A British diplomat warned: "The Shah, in destroying the powers of the Mullahs, has forgotten Napoleon's adage that the chief purpose of religion is to prevent the poor from murdering the rich. There is nothing to take the place of religious
influence, save an artificial nationalism which might well die with the shab, leaving anarchy behind."
The Mashed outburst, however, did not have much impact on the rest of the country. The mojtaheds, especially the leading ones in Qom and Isfahan, kept their silence. The shah, for his part, stepped up his contro versial measures. He ended the tradition both of announcing the arrival of Ramadan with a volley of guns, and of shorter work hours during the fast. He transferred the administration of clerical foundations from the office of religious endowments to the ministry of education. What is more, he now banned outright the full length chadour from all public places: from streets, government offices, cinemas, public baths, city buses, and even street carriages.

Yervand Abrahamian